会计中的cash equivalents是什么意思
知道的请告诉我呀。。。非常感谢了。现金等价物（包括库存现金，银行存款，交易性金融产品等）
acyl anion equivalents在有机合成上有何用处
acyl anion equivalents就是酰基负离子等价体。羰基化合物中的羰基中，受电负性影响，通常碳原子为正电性（亲电性），氧原子为负电性（亲核性），常规的合成子即酰基正离子合成子。极性转换可以使碳原子变为合成子，产生一系列的亲核性酰基负离子等价物，为其他羰基化合物的合成提供途径。羰基在反应中可以保留也可以不保留，分别看作是“未掩蔽”或“掩蔽”的羰基。这些反应中，最为熟知的羰基极性转换 *** ，恐怕要数1,3-二噻烷（缩硫醛）与安息香缩合反应。
醛（如乙醛）可以和1,3-丙二硫醇形成二噻烷。由于硫对碳负离子具有特殊的稳定性，故邻位的碳有酸性，用正丁基锂在低温四氢呋喃中处理，得到相应的亲核性碳负离子（）。该锂化的碳负离子作为亲核试剂，可以和卤代烃（溴化苄）、其他羰基化合物（环己酮）以及环氧乙烷衍生物（苯基环氧乙烷）等合成子发生亲核取代，生成的产物水解，又得回羰基，因此产物是另一个羰基化合物。常用的水解试剂有氯化汞、 *** ／水、双(三氟乙酰氧基)碘苯、硝酸铈铵和三丁基锡烷，它们的水解机理各有不同。此法可以由甲醛合成高级醛，由醛合成酮。如果以类型的烷基化试剂，经过两次反应，可以很方便地得到4-7元环酮。
安息香缩合是羰基极性转换另一类 *** 的代表，也是人们最早知道的极性转换的例子。反应物苯甲醛中的羰基碳原子是亲电性的。首先发生氰离子对羰基碳的亲核加成，然后质子由碳转移到氧上，形成一个碳负离子，其中的碳发生了极性转换，是亲核性的。然后该碳原子亲核进攻另一分子的苯甲醛的亲电性羰基碳，质子转移，氰离子离去，得到产物安息香。
受以上反应中氰基对负电荷稳定性的启发，人们又研究了其他腈类，结果发现形成α-氰醚与α-氰胺的反应对脂肪醛适用，是相应的酰基负离子等价物，可以有效弥补安息香缩合反应无法应用于脂肪醛的缺点。反应中的羟基常采用三甲基硅基或1-乙氧基乙基进行保护。
具体可以参见：
http://zh. *** .org/wiki/%E6%9E%81%E6%80%A7%E8%BD%AC%E6%8D%A2
下面分享相关内容的知识扩展：
Correlation
The study area was situated in south of the Jiangnan Slope Belt，western Hunan（Peng 1990，1992）.It is well known as one of the most richly fossiliferous areas in China for the Middle and Late Cambrian trilobite faunas.As Cambrian trilobite faunas have been documented around the world，it has become evident that the faunas in western Hunan provide a correlative possibility for worldwide correlations（Text-figure 9）.As discussed above，18 trilobite zones were proposed for the Middle and Late Cambrian in South China（Peng，1999）.The interval with the Ptychagnostusatavus Zone（late Taijiangian Stage in South China）to the Proagnostus bulbus Zone is considered to be correlatable with the early Changhsian Stage（Middle Cambrian）in North China.The interval from the Liguagnostus reconditus Zone（early Waergangian Stage in South China）to the Leiostegium constrictum-Shenjiawania brevica Zone（late Taoyuanian Stage in South China）are considered equivalent with the Kushanian，Changshanian and Fengshanian Stage（Late Cambrian）in North China.In the study area，the topmost zone is the Eolotagnostus decorus-Kaolishaniella Zone，which is considered correlatable with the late Changshanian Stage（Late Cambrian）in North China（Peng，2000）.
As indicated above，the Aoxi Formation of the Middle Cambrian is largely unfossilifeous dolomite in northwest and western Hunan，but its stratigraphical position suggests that is correlated with the lower Changshanian Stage of North China.
英语量词的其它用法比如：ounce,Spenting her last ounce of strength^
用尽她所有的力气（最后一盎司的力气）多多益善！！！！本周三之前 ,没有必要这么详细，只需要和例句相同类型的句子就行了 常规的就不用了，主要是比较有创意的，不常见的
量词是现代汉语11类词中的一种，运用非常普遍，大约有500多个量词。除了表“量”以外，它的一个显著特点就是习惯搭配。即使是华人也有弄错的时候，学中文的外国人更是头疼。所以正确认识量词，准确翻译汉语量词也是很重要的。英语中没有像汉语这样的“量词”分类，但有类似的用法和修辞结构，如quantitive determinatives（量词限定词），portative（量词），quantifiers（量词）。它们之间有相同之处，但更多的是差异。因而，本节以一定的版面来分析其不同结构和用法，不过，更多的还是靠读者自己潜心收集认识，才能掌握如何翻译。
1、一群
一群人 a crowd／group／multitude／throng／army／team／class of people；a gang／swarm／horde／pack／band of people（in a derogatory way）
troop 通常指聚在一起活动的、生气勃勃的一群人。如：
a troop of demonstrators／shoppers／visitors
bevy 特指女性的“一群”，有时指鸟类，尤指鹌鹑或云雀。如：
a bevy of actresses／young women／ladies／shop girls／quails
表贬义的“一群”有：a mob of angry people／rioters／slaves／liars／blackguards
horde 原意为游牧部落，通常含有轻蔑色彩：
a horde of lazy-bones／swindlers／locusts／hooligans
band；gang 常指“帮”：
a band of robbers／gangsters／thieves／outlaws
a gang of criminals／slaves／prisoners
一群牛、象、马、天鹅 a herd of cattle／elephants／horses／swans
一群鸟 a flock of birds／geese／hens／goats／swallows／sheep／chickens
一群猎狗 a pack of hounds／wolves／grouse
一群狐狸 a skulk of foxes
一群狮子 a pride of lions
一群星星 a cluster of stars
一群鱼 a school／shoal of fish／shrimps
一群马 a stud／drove of horses
一群鹅 a gaggle／flock of geese
一群蚊子／蝴蝶 a swarm of mosquitoes／butterflies
一群（窝）蚂蚁 a colony of ants／bees
一群建筑物 a clump／complex of buildings
2、一丝／点／层／片
一片草皮 a chunk of turf
一丝睡意 a wink of sleep
一丝怀疑 a shadow of doubt
一点点工作 a stroke of work
一线未来之光 a glimpse of future
一缕月光 a streak of moonlight／amber（fig）
一丝绿意；一片绿色 a tint of green
一片心意 a *** all token of our hearts
一丝嫉妒；一阵窘迫 a slight twinge of jealousy／embarras *** ent
一丝恻隐之心 a sign of sympathy for...
一丝懊悔 a slight twinge of remorse
一层霜／雪／糖霜 a layer of frost／snow／cream
一丝失望的眼神 a flicker of disappointment
（剩下）一口气／一丝气 a spark／breath of life
一丝失望的情绪 a taint／faint of disappointment
一片漆黑 completely dark；di *** al night；pitch dark
一片汪洋 a flood of water
3、英译“一阵”，颇有学问，且看以下译例
（突然爆发出的）一阵哭泣／喝彩／炮击／雷声
a burst of tears／cheers／gunfire／thunder
（量如洪水的）一阵泪雨／瓢泼大雨／夸夸其谈
a flood of tears／rain／boasts
少量或稀疏的
一阵（小）雨／射击 a spatter of rain／bullets
一阵稀疏的掌声／喝彩 a spatter of applause／cheers
声响很大的
一阵隆隆的炮声／雷声 a peal of artillery／thunder
突然而猛烈的
一阵暴雨／狂风／烈火 a gust／blast of rain／wind／flame
持续短暂的
一阵怒气／ *** ／咳嗽 a fit of anger／passion／coughing
一阵呕吐 a vomiting fit
持续一段时间的
一阵厄运／暑热 a spell of bad luck／summer heat
一阵寒潮 a cold spell of weather
一阵昏厥 a fainting spell
（针捻刀刺般的）一阵内疚／牙痛／风湿痛 a twinge of remorse／toothache／rheumati ***
一阵尴尬 a twinge of embarras *** ent
（抽搐或颤抖的）一阵痛苦／伤心／咳嗽／激动 a spa *** of pain／grief／coughing／excitement
雹打雨淋般的
一阵轰炸／打击／咒骂 a hail of bombs／blows／curse
一阵弹雨／批评 a shower of bullets／critici ***
更多的例子
一阵欢乐 an agony of joy
一阵子爱意 a flush of love
一点点工作 a stroke of work
一阵心脏病发作 a stroke of heart attack
一点点满足 a crumb of satisfaction
一种混乱的政治局面 a chaos of politics
4、“一阵”为何有这么多不同的译法
其实原因很简单，汉语“一阵”这个数量词不含修辞色彩，可用于各类描述；而在英语中，“一阵”这个概念则是由许多不同的名词来表述的，而且这些词一般分别具有不同的修辞色彩。如：
spatter “少量”，“稀疏”之义；
peal 专指一阵响亮或轰鸣的声音；
twinge 特指肉体或心灵上的一阵剧烈的刺痛；
burst 泛指突然爆发出的一阵，有突如其来之感；
hail 和shower的比喻色彩也很浓，有雹打雨淋之感；
spell常用于描述天气、疾病等，表持续一阵子；
flood一词比喻色彩浓厚，给人以量如洪水，滔滔不绝之感；
gust则专指风、雨、雹、火、烟等的突然而猛烈的一阵。也可用喻感情的猛烈进发；
fit常指持续时间短暂的一阵——尤指疾病的短暂发作或感情的短暂进发；
spa *** 原指痉挛，抽搐，用于动作、感情的一阵突发时，表抽搐或浑身颤抖之感。
由此可见，英译“一阵”，宜细心推敲，酌情翻译。
5、其他类似的汉译英所用的修辞性的用法
a）暗喻Metaphor
一串香蕉a hand of bananas
颗颗汗珠beads of sweat
一长串汽车a string of cars
很大的朋友圈a large circle of friends
b）借代Metonymy
一串珍珠 a rope of pearls
一炉钢 a heat of steel
一年三熟 three crops a year
一大群飞机 a cloud of planes
林立的烟囱 a forest of chimneys
一片沙滩 a beach of sands
c）夸张Hyperbole
多如牛毛的问题 a sea of troubles
一大笔钱 a pile of money
勃然大怒 a wave of anger
开怀大笑 gales of laughter
无数次 heaps of times
小不点 a dot of child
一小撮敌人 a pinch of enemy
滔滔不绝的话语 a flood of words
6、英语常用单位词及汉语对应词（Commonly-used unit nouns and their Chinese equivalents）
piece块；片；段；项；件；篇；首；幅；张
a piece of bread／paper／wood／furniture／land／advice／news／meat／cloth／music...
bit一点；一些；一片
a bit of water／wood／grass／trouble...
item条；则；项
an item of news／information／business／programme...
article件；项；条
an article of furniture／clothing／luggage／export...
grain粒；颗
a grain of ricce／wheat／salt／sand...
drop滴
a drop of water／oil／rain／blood／dew...
slice薄片
a slice of meat／bread／cake／ham...
cake块
a cake of soap／mud／ice...
bar块；条
a bar of chocolate／candy／soap...
ear穗
an ear of corn／rice／wheat／millet...
loaf块；条
a loaf of bread...
lump块；团
a lump of clay／sugar／earth...
spiral盘
a spiral of mosquito incense...
card板
a card of buttons
pack副；盒
a pack of cards／cigarettes
fistful（s）一把
a fistful of sand／rice...
handful（s）一把
a handful of soil...
armful（s）一抱
an armful of flowers...
cupful（s）一杯
four cupfuls of jam...
mouthful（s）一口
a mouthful of snow／whys...
spoonful（s）一汤匙
a spoonful of sugar...
spadeful（s）一铲
a spadeful of coal...
bagful（s）一袋
a bagful of letters...
但an eyeful of…的意思是“对……大饱眼福”
truckload一货车
a truckload of apples...
shipload一船
a shipload of TV sets...
lorryload一卡车
a lorryload of iron...
fit一阵子
a fit of coughing／fever／laughter／anger／...
ray一线
a ray of hope／intelligence／sunlight…
peal一阵
a peal of thunder／laughter／applause...
flash闪现一下
a flash of hope／lightening／wit...
display炫耀一下
a display of power／courage／force／learning／skill...
attack一疾病的发作
an attack of fever／malaria
group组；群；批
a group of students...
team队：组
a team of experts／footballers／scientists...
gang帮；伙；群；队；组
a gang of four／thieves／robbers...
army大群；队
an army of beggars／ants／bees...
troop群；伙
a troop of soldiers...
host大群
a host of friends／heroes...
pack群；伙
a pack of liars／thieves／rascals／hounds...
band帮；伙
a band of music（players）／brigands...
choir队；组；群
a choir of singers...
bunch串；束；挂；群；帮；伙
a bunch of bananas／fools／flowers／keys／thieves．
bouquet束；把
bouquet of flowers
string串；挂；节
a string of beads／pearls／words／thread
sheaf p1．sheaves捆；束
a sheaf of wheat／arrows／papers
crew帮；伙；全体
a crew of sailors／pilots
party组；伙；批
a party of guests／children...
batch批
a batch of letters／telegrams／visitors...
gaggle群
a gaggle of geese／girls...
litter一窝
a litter of kittens／little piglets／puppies...
herd群
a herd of elephants／deer／cattle...s
swarm群
a swarm of ants／locusts／bees／people／stars...
cluster串；束；群；组
a cluster of flowers／grapes／bees／islands／stars...
a cluster of butterflies／grapes／berries／consonants／houses
brood窝；群；组
a brood of chickens／paintings／thieves...
school群
a school of whales／dolphins...
shoal群
a shoal of fish／whales／people...
flock群
a flock of geese／birds／pigeons／ducks／visitors／customers...
dozen一打
a dozen（of）pencils／eggs／red roses...
gross一罗
a gross of nails／pencils／can openers...
pile一大堆
a pile of what-ifs一大堆假定
mound一大堆
a mound（mouthful）maybes满嘴的可能
clump一群
a clump of islands／buildings
school流派
the school of traditional grammar
train一列
a train of cars一列火车厢
pot一锅
a pot of soup／tea／water...
fleck片
a fleck of snow...
7、 汉英表量的对应名词（Quantity and amount in both languages）
中英文都有表量的手法，除了常见的平铺直叙的说法，还有一些修辞性说法。如：
a sea of people／flames／blood／flags／flowers／happy faces 如海般的／如潮一样的人群；火海；血海；旗海；花海；无数幸福的面孔
an ocean of trouble／time／space／cheering 无穷的麻烦；无休止的时间；浩瀚的宇宙；欢乐的海洋
a scene of great rejoicing 一片欢腾
a chorus of protest／praise 一片 *** 之声／赞扬之声
a trove of Chinese porcelain 一批中国磁器
a grove of coco（a）nut／bamboo 一片椰林/竹林
a blaze of lights 一片灯火
a mountain of debts／rubbish／money／dirty clothes 债台高筑／垃圾如山；家财万贯；一大堆脏衣服
a mass of images／facts／figures／data 大量的图像／事实／数据等
a rain／storm of tears／ashes／arrows／bullets 嚎啕大哭；尘土蒙蒙；一阵箭雨，一阵弹雨
a storm of applause／critici *** ／cheering 一阵暴雨般的掌声；激烈的批评；狂热的欢呼
a gale of laughter／excitement 阵阵欢笑；一阵激动
a flood of tears／words／1ight／terror 泪如潮涌；滔滔言辞；一片光明；一片恐惧
a store of learning／experience 知识渊博；经验丰富
a wealth of experience／data／troubles／good／goods 经验丰富；丰富数据；问题多多；大有好处；商品丰富
a surfeit of food／drug dosage过量的食品；过量的药品
a succession of defeat接二连三的挫败
a world of goods／food／pleasure／meaning／to do *** a world of good／harm
a forest of hills／flags／chimneys／hands
这些表量的手法也可用复数，像lots of，thousands of一样，如seas of，mountains of，stores of，swarms of，thunders of，showers of ，in showers，in stores，in numbers。
a（great）number of books 许多的书
numbers of peoples 许多的民族
a quantity of energy 大量的能量
quantities of oxidize 大量的氧化酶
an amount of material 大量的材料
*** all amount of water 少量的水
The amount of energy possessed by a given quantity of radiation depends strictly on its frequency．一定量的辐射所拥有的能量完全基于其频率。
The total amount of radiation 辐射的总量
What's the size? 尺码多少?
What's the linear size of the Galaxy? 银河系的直线长度是多少?
the linear dimensions 直线尺寸
all sizes of gloves 各种尺码的手套
(in)all shapes and sizes 大大小小，各式各样
(in)life size （如）实物大小
What are the dimensions of the room? 这房间的长、宽、高各多少?
the dimensions of the solar system 太阳系的范围
the dimensions of a building lot 一座建筑物的准确面积
the magnitude of this angle 这角度的大小
the value of the balloon 气球的体积
the value of this correction 修正值
the extent of a judge’s power／his knowledge 法官的权力范围／他的知识面
be…in length／width／height／diameter／perimeter／shape／size
be…in quantity／amount／great numbers／extent／dimension／value
《Bhagavad-GitaAsItIs》epub下载在线阅读，求百度网盘云资源
《Bhagavad-Gita As It Is》（A. C. Bhaktivedanta Swami Prabhupada）电子书网盘下载免费在线阅读
资源链接：
链接：https://pan.baidu.com/s/1XfXrsdz9ZYghmgtEI4UEXg
书名：Bhagavad-Gita As It Is
作者：A. C. Bhaktivedanta Swami Prabhupada
出版社：Bhaktivedanta Book Trust
出版年份：1997-03-01
页数：904
内容简介：
Editorial Reviews The publisher, Bhaktivedanta Book Trust, June 15, 2001
Book Description
Bhagavad-gita As It Is
Complete Edition, with translations and elaborate purports by His Divine Grace A. C. Bhaktivedanta Swami Prabhupada
The Bhagavad-gita is the main source-book on yoga and a concise summary of India's Vedic wisdom. Yet remarkably, the setting for this best-known classic of spiritual literature is an ancient Indian battlefield.
At the last moment before entering battle, the great warrior Arjuna begins to wonder about the real meaning of his life. Why should he fight against his friends and relatives? Why does he exist? Where is he going after death? In the Bhagavad-gita, Lord Krsna, Arjuna's friend and spiritual master, brings His disciple from perplexity to spiritual enlightenment. In the course of doing so, Krsna concisely but definitively explains transcendental knowledge; karma-yoga, jnana-yoga, dhyana-yoga, and bhakti-yoga; knowledge of the Absolute; devotional service; the three modes of material nature; the divine and demoniac natures; and much more.
Bhagavad-gita As It Is is the largest-selling, most widely used edition of the Gita in the world.
Special Features
* Original Sanskrit text
* English equivalents for each Sanskrit word
* Elaborate commentary
* Complete glossary
* Complete verse index
* Complete subject index
* High readability
* Profuse full-color illustrations
